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John Adams was making his way from Massachusetts to Pennsylvania for a convening of the delegates tasked to craft a response to the Coercive…
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The study of intelligence has always suffered from a bias towards the derring-do of spies, stealing of secrets, breaking of codes, and covert action….
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After the French and Indian War, or the Seven Years War as it was known in Europe, Spain and France began to plan for…
BOOK REVIEW: Liberty’s Chain: Slavery, Abolition, and the Jay Family of New York by David N. Gellman (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2022) America’s Founders…
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Late in September 1774 the Continental Congress was in the middle of an ongoing debate on the means that should be implemented to restore…
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In July 1783 John Jay, one of the Americans negotiating a treaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States, was sitting at…
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During the seventeenth century and into the eighteenth century the political philosophers of Europe were writing and discussing some new and radical ideas on…
In the early years of the nineteenth century, the founders of the new American Republic were lurching forward from the shockingly successful outcome of…
At the beginning of March 1777, Arthur Lee, a delegate to the United States Congress, urgently requested to meet with the Marquis de Grimaldi,…
On the morning of Saturday, July 14, 1804 the funeral cortège for Alexander Hamilton proceeded northward to Trinity Church where the former Revolutionary War…
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Following the Constitutional Convention’s completion of the United States Constitution in the Fall of 1787, many of those involved in its creation embarked on…
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This month we asked our contributors: If George Washington had not run for President in 1789, who would you like to have had as…
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On the afternoon of April 30, 1789, George Washington stepped onto the balcony of the freshly-renovated and renamed Federal Hall on Wall Street in…
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In a country in which one of the main constitutional principles is separation of church and state, it is counter-intuitive to find that there…
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Close the window. No, leave the window open. Cold night air can be toxic to one’s health. No, what’s truly toxic is stifled, fetid…
Speaking at South Carolina’s ratification convention in 1788, Charles Pinckney derided the Articles of Confederation as a “miserable, feeble mockery of government.” Pinckney was…
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There is a gap in most histories of the United States Navy. The blank space lies between the end of the American Revolution and…
The Revolutionary War was fought on a global scale, with six nation states engaged in battles across three continents and two oceans. Volunteers from…
Thomas Jefferson, that American Sphinx,[1] is perhaps Alexander Hamilton’s only rival within the high pantheon of the founding generation for enigma. Hamilton’s character recalls…
As the struggle between Great Britain and her colonists in the thirteen North American colonies entered a state of armed resistance against British military…