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Clement Biddle Partially Clears the “Battle of the Clouds”
One of the more intriguing limited actions of the Revolutionary War was the Battle of the Clouds on September 16, 1777, a meeting of…
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The Feint That Never Happened: Unheralded Turning Point of the Philadelphia Campaign
By noon on Saturday, September 20, 1777, Gen. William Howe watched his window of opportunity to cross the shallowing upper fords of the Philadelphia…
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George Washington’s 1777 Wilmington, Delaware, Headquarters: Insights to an Unmarked Site
On the 170th anniversary of Washington’s Birthday in 1902, the Delaware Society of the Cincinnati formed a procession of dignitaries and marched up Quaker…
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Washington’s Head of Elk Reconnaissance: A New Letter (and and Old Receipt)
The Philadelphia Campaign of 1777 took definitive shape when Gen. William Howe successfully landed his 16,000 officers and men near Head of Elk (now…
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Aggressive-Minded Gamblers: Washington, Howe, and the Days Between Battles, September 12–16, 1777
On Tuesday afternoon, September 16, 1777—five days after the Battle of Brandywine—George Washington and most of his 11,000-member Continental army stood atop the South…