Month: October 2025

 Critical Thinking Posted on

The Tree of Liberty: Standing Armies and the Struggle to Define American Governance

One the United States’ Founders, writing under the pseudonym Brutus, argued that the new country, spanning too great a distance and too many distinctly interested peoples, was not viable.[1] His predictions were bleak: the government would lack the support of the people, who would feel both neglected and subsumed by its distant authority. To generate […]

by Matthew Carroll
1
Espionage and Cryptography Posted on

Private Adam Rider: General Washington’s Improbable Spy

On March 18, 1818, the U.S. Congress enacted a law that established a lifetime pension for American veterans of the Continental army who were “in reduced circumstances.”[1] As part of the filing process for these benefits, veterans were required to submit affidavits to local courts with supporting testimonials attesting to their service record during the […]

by Tucker F. Hentz
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Postwar Politics (>1783) Posted on

“The Good Old Republican Cause”: Philip Freneau’s Principled Stand against the Shadow of Monarchy

Many Americans celebrated April 30, 1789, as a defining moment for the United States, a sort of political BC/AD demarcation point in the republic’s short history.[1] Once the initial jolt of national optimism and political unity induced by President George Washington’s first inauguration had worn off, however, the first administration took up the thankless business […]

by Shawn David McGhee
1
The War Years (1775-1783) Posted on

Retribution in Pennsylvania: The 1780 British Counter-Offensive to the Sullivan-Clinton Campaign

“The Expedition of Genl Sullivan against the six nations seems by its effects to have exasperated than to have terrified or disabled them,” wrote Continental Congressman James Madison in June 1780.[1] This 1779 Patriot offensive, known as the Sullivan Campaign or the Sullivan-Clinton Campaign, was meant to teach the Loyalists and their Native American allies […]

by Andrew A. Zellers-Frederick
Interviews Posted on

This Week on Dispatches: G. Patrick O’Brien on the Cessation of Hostilities on the New York Frontier in 1783

On this week’s Dispatches, host Brady Crytzer interviews historian and JAR Contributor G. Patrick O’Brien on how the news of the end of the American Revolution was conveyed along the New York frontier in 1783. New episodes of Dispatches are available for free every Sunday evening(Eastern United States Time), first on iTunes, Stitcher, Google Play, […]

by Editors